Arkham Asylum
The Elizabeth Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane,[1] commonly referred to simply as Arkham Asylum, is a fictional psychiatric hospital in the DC Comics Universe, usually appearing in stories featuring Batman. Many psychopathic criminals from across the DC Universe, mostly from Batman's own rogues gallery (such as the Joker, Poison Ivy, the Riddler, Two-Face, the Scarecrow, Bane, Killer Croc, and Harley Quinn) have been imprisoned within the Asylum and also escaped from it. The Arkham Asylum is named after the Sanatorium in the fictional city of Arkham, Massachusetts, found in many of H.P. Lovecraft's short horror and science fiction stories, such as "The Colour Out of Space".
History
Arkham Asylum is located on the outskirts of Gotham City and is where those of Batman's foes considered to be legally insane are incarcerated (other foes are incarcerated at Blackgate Penitentiary). Although it has had numerous administrators, recent comic books have featured Jeremiah Arkham. Inspired by the works of H. P. Lovecraft, and in particular his fictional city of Arkham, Massachusetts,[2][3] the asylum was created by Dennis O'Neil and first appeared in Batman #258 (October 1974); much of its back-story was created by Len Wein during the 1980s.
Arkham Asylum does not have a good record, at least with regard to the high profile cases - inmates such as the Joker are frequently shown escaping at will - and those who are 'cured' and released tend to re-offend. Furthermore, several staff members, including its founder, Dr. Amadeus Arkham, and director Dr. Jeremiah Arkham, as well as staff members Dr. Harleen Quinzel, Lyle Bolton and, in some incarnations, Drs. Jonathan Crane and Hugo Strange, have committed serious crimes.
In addition, prisoners with unusual medical conditions that prevent them from staying in a regular prison are housed in Arkham. For example, Mr. Freeze is not always depicted as insane, but he requires a strongly refrigerated environment to stay alive; Arkham, with special conditions required for certain patients or inmates being a regularity rather than exception, is potentially seen by authorities to be an ideal location under certain circumstances.
Gotham criminals deemed "criminally insane" or "mentally unfit" by the court of law generally are treated at Williams Medical Center before being deemed dangerous enough to be sent to Arkham Asylum.[4]
Origins
Just outside Gotham City, Arkham Asylum has a long and brutal history, beginning when its own architect went mad and hacked his workers to death with an axe. He was convicted and sentenced to spend the rest of his life in the same asylum he had been building.[4] The one-shot graphic novel Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth establishes that the asylum was named after Elizabeth Arkham, the mother of founder Amadeus Arkham. The original name of the asylum was "Arkham Hospital". Its dark history began in the early 1900s when Arkham's mother, having suffered from mental illness most of her life, committed suicide. However, it was later revealed that her son had actually euthanized her, and repressed the memory. Amadeus then decided, as the sole heir to the Arkham estate, to remodel his family home in order to properly treat the mentally ill, so others might not suffer the fate as his mother. Prior to the period of the hospital's remodeling, Amadeus Arkham treated patients at the State Psychiatric Hospital in Metropolis, where he, his wife Constance, and his daughter Harriet, had been living for quite some time. Upon telling his family of his plans, they moved back to his family home to oversee the remodeling. While there, Amadeus Arkham received a call from the police notifying him that Martin "Mad Dog" Hawkins, a serial killer, referred to Amadeus Arkham by Metropolis Penitentiary while at State Psychiatric Hospital, had escaped from prison, and sought his considered opinion on the murderer's state of mind. Shortly afterward, Amadeus Arkham returned to his home to find his front door wide open. Inside, he discovered the corpses of his wife and daughter in an upstairs room, with Mad Dog's alias carved on Harriet's body. Despite this family tragedy, the Elizabeth Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane officially opened that November. One of its first patients was Mad Dog, whom Amadeus Arkham insisted on treating personally. After treating Mad Dog for six months, Amadeus Arkham strapped him to an electroshock couch then deliberately and purposefully electrocuted him. The staff treated the death as an accident, but it contributed to Amadeus Arkham's gradual descent into the madness which he began to believe was his birthright. Eventually, Amadeus Arkham was incarcerated in his own asylum, where he died.[1]
Publication history
Arkham Asylum first appeared in 1974, in Batman #258 by Dennis O'Neil. In this story, it is named as "Arkham Hospital", although it is not clear what kind of hospital it is. "Arkham Asylum" first appeared in another O'Neil story the following year, but it was not until 1979 that "Arkham Asylum" completely replaced "Arkham Hospital",and the occasional "Arkham Sanitarium", as the institution's name. Also in 1979, the move to have the asylum closer to Gotham had begun; that was completed in 1980, when Batman #326 by Len Wein described the asylum's location "deep in the suburbs of Gotham City". It is perhaps for this reason that Batman #326 is listed in some histories as the first appearance of Arkham Asylum. It was also Wein who, in 1985's Who's Who #1, created its current backstory.
Arkham Asylum has been demolished or destroyed several times in its history, notably during the events of Batman: The Last Arkham (see below). It is also seriously damaged at the beginning of the Knightfall storyline, when Bane uses stolen munitions to blow up the facility and release all the inmates. After these events, the asylum is relocated to a large mansion known as "Mercey Mansion". It was also blown up by Black Mask during the Battle for the Cowl story arc.[5] At the beginning of the No Man's Land storyline, the asylum is closed down and all its inmates set free. In this instance, a timer was used to open the doors two minutes before the city is sealed. This is orchestrated by the administrator himself, who had the choice of releasing the inmates or watching them all starve or kill each other. In the middle of the story, it is revealed that Batman has established a hidden base within the sub-basement of the asylum during the Prodigal storyline known as "Northwest Batcave."[6]
In the Battle for the Cowl one-shot, Dr. Arkham wanders among the remains of the asylum as he muses on his life. He reveals that he has discovered blueprints created by his ancestor, the first Dr. Arkham, for a new Arkham Asylum. He also contemplates the fates of his own nonviolent, "special" patients: an artist with almost no facial features who must paint facial expressions onto his almost blank face to express himself; a man obsessed with his own reflection in a series of mirrors in his room; and a woman supposedly so ugly, one glance at her face would drive anyone insane. Upon discovering his "special" patients (unharmed from the destruction thanks to their secluded cells), Arkham resolves to rebuild the facility according to his ancestor's vision, but to serve as a literal asylum for mentally ill patients in order to shelter them from the outside world. However, when told to be happy with the new development, the artist secretly paints his face white with a hideous grin, reminiscent of the Joker; it is implied that the "special" inmates, as well as Arkham himself, have given in to madness.
In the Arkham Reborn mini-series, Arkham Asylum is rebuilt and financed by Dr. Arkham.[7] But in Batman #697, Dr. Arkham is revealed to be the new Black Mask and is imprisoned in his own asylum. It was also revealed during Arkham Reborn, that as both Dr. Arkham and Black Mask, he had begun to manipulate patients, a plotline that culminated in Detective Comics with Alyce Sinner becoming the new head of the facility, but secretly working with Arkham/Black Mask. It was also revealed that the "special" patients were figments of Arkham's imagination.
Staff
- Dr. Amadeus Arkham: Founder of the asylum, Amadeus named the institution after his deceased mother Elizabeth.[1]
- Dr. Harleen Quinzel: A former psychiatric intern, Quinzel was seduced by the Joker and adopted the supervillain name "Harley Quinn".[8]
- Dr. Jeremiah Arkham: Nephew of Amadeus Arkham, Jeremiah was the head of the asylum in current continuity until recently, in which he too was driven insane and became the second Black Mask.
- CO Aaron Cash: One of Arkham's most respected security guards. His hand was bitten off by Killer Croc,[9] and he sports a prosthetic hook in its place. Unlike many of his colleagues, Cash is neither insane nor corrupt, and is a trusted ally of Batman.[10]
- Dr. Alyce Sinner: Chosen by Jeremiah Arkham as his second in command, and briefly committed under Arkham's orders, Sinner became head of the asylum after Arkham was revealed as Black Mask. She is secretly a member of Intergang's Church of Crime, working with Black Mask.
- Dr. Joan Leeland: Once a colleague of Harleen Quinzel, Dr. Leeland soon became her therapist, along with treating other known inmates such as Jonathan Crane (Scarecrow) and Harvey Dent (Two-Face).
Staff in Batman: Arkham Asylum
- Warden Quincy Sharp: Is the warden of Arkham Asylum in the video game Batman: Arkham Asylum. Has apparently been running the Asylum for 3 years and campaigning to become Gotham's next mayor (he later becomes Gotham's mayor in Batman: Arkham City, after taking credit for ending Joker's rampage in the last game).
- Officer Frank Boles: An eight year veteran of Arkham's security who is known to be rough on inmates and patients. He had been secretly in the employ of the Joker for years.
- William North: A security guard at Arkham who survives Officer Boles' and Harley Quinn's assault on the Intensive Treatment Lobby. He assists Batman and is later saved by him.
Inmates
Originally, Arkham Asylum is used only to house genuinely insane patients having no connection to Batman, but over the course of the 1980s a trend was established of having the majority of Batman's supervillain opponents end up at Arkham. Nearly all of Batman's enemies have spent some time in Arkham.
Arkham Asylum also features in other DC Universe publications. In Alan Moore's Swamp Thing, The Floronic Man is detained there, and in The Sandman by Neil Gaiman, Doctor Destiny escapes the asylum to wreak havoc on both the real and dream worlds. It has also been featured in varying capacities in a number of high profile DC miniseries events, such as Identity Crisis, Day of Vengeance, Countdown, and Crisis on Infinite Earths among others.
List of notable inmates
Others
Graphic novels featuring Arkham Asylum
The Dark Knight Returns
The Dark Knight Returns, written by Frank Miller, takes place about 10 years after Batman "retires." It depicts an "Arkham Home for the Emotionally Troubled", presumably a renaming of the asylum which occurs as a result of the extreme political correctness which had evolved in Miller's dystopian setting. The Joker is housed there, catatonic since Batman's disappearance, but awakens when the vigilante resumes action. Under the employ of the home is Bartholemew Wolper, a condescending psychologist who treats the Joker humanely, even going so far to arrange for him to appear on a late night talk show, while arguing that Batman himself is responsible for the crimes his enemies commit by encouraging their existence; Wolper is killed when the Joker uses his lethal gas on the talk show audience.
In the sequel The Dark Knight Strikes Again, it is revealed that the patients have taken over and have resorted to cannibalism. Plastic Man is one of the more notable patients in this version of Arkham Asylum.
Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth
Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth is a graphic novel written by Grant Morrison and painted by Dave McKean. It was published by DC Comics in 1989. It made reference to the treatment of several of the inmates, such as the attempt to wean Two-Face away from dependence on his coin for decision making, first with a die, and then a deck of cards. It once again portrays the asylum as having been taken over by its inmates.
A Serious House on Serious Earth has been critically acclaimed, having been called "one of the finest superhero books to ever grace a bookshelf."[40] IGN ranked it as number four in a list of the 25 greatest Batman graphic novels, behind The Killing Joke, The Dark Knight Returns, and Year One,[41] whilst Forbidden Planet named it number fifteen in their "50 Best of the Best Graphic Novels" list.[42]
Batman: The Last Arkham
Batman: The Last Arkham was written by Alan Grant; pencils by Norm Breyfogle, originally a four-issue storyline that kicked off the Shadow of the Bat series. In it, the old Arkham Asylum is destroyed, to be replaced by a new and more modern facility. The story introduces Jeremiah Arkham, the asylum's director, and nephew of Amadeus Arkham. In an attempt to discover how criminals, specifically Zsasz, keep escaping, Batman has himself committed to the asylum. Jeremiah uses various methods, such as unleashing many inmates on Batman at once, in an attempt to gain psychological insight on the vigilante.
This story makes a few passing references to the events of A Serious House on Serious Earth, such as Amadeus Arkham taping over the mirror, and his journal is shown early in the story. Jeremiah also mentions his relative's descent into madness.
An episode of Batman: The Animated Series titled "Dreams in Darkness", also about Batman in Arkham, portrays a similar theme, with the Scarecrow as the chief villain, also replacing Jeremiah Arkham with a more nondescript administrator, who is portrayed as naïve rather than sinister.
Arkham Asylum: Living Hell
Living Hell was written by Dan Slott, penciled by Ryan Sook with inks by Sook, Wade Von Grawbadger and Jim Royal. The series was edited by Valerie D'Orazio. Eric Powell created the painted cover art which appeared on both the original series and graphic novel compilation.
This six-issue miniseries and the subsequent trade paperback provided an intricate and multi-layered look at Arkham Asylum from several points of view: director Dr. Jeremiah Arkham; psychiatrist Dr. Anne Carver; the guards, chiefly one Aaron Cash; and the inmates. There is a particular focus on previously-unknown residents: Jane Doe, a cypher who assumes the identities of those she kills; Junkyard Dog, a man obsessed with trash; Doodlebug, an artist who uses blood in his paintings; the hulking bruiser Lunkhead; Death Rattle, a cult leader who speaks to the dead; and Humpty Dumpty, an obese idiot savant obsessed with taking apart and repairing various objects. The driving force is the recent incarceration of a ruthless investor, Warren "The Great White Shark" White, as well as the demonic element suggested by the title. White, facing charges of massive fraud, pleads insanity and has himself committed to Arkham. He soon realizes the horrors of the place and tries to survive. Ultimately, he is locked in a freezer and suffers facial wounds, coming to resemble his nickname. The demonic threat is nullified after the sacrifice of several patients.
Black Orchid
Black Orchid, written by Neil Gaiman and illustrated by Dave McKean, also featured Arkham Asylum. The award-winning graphic novel introduced an updated version of the crimefighter Black Orchid, who dies, is reborn and starts a quest to find her identity. During this she encounters Batman, who directs her to Arkham Asylum, where she meets The Mad Hatter, Poison Ivy, Two-Face and the Joker. Arkham is viewed as a desperate place where inmates dwell in madness and terror, much in the same fashion as in A Serious House on Serious Earth, which was also illustrated by McKean.
Arkham Reborn
Arkham Reborn is a three-part mini-series written by David Hine and illustrated by Jeremy Haun. It tells the story of the rebuilding of the Asylum after having been destroyed by Black Mask during the events of "Battle for the Cowl".
In Batman #697, it is revealed that Dr. Jeremiah Arkham is the new Black Mask. More is revealed about Dr. Jeremiah Arkham in Detective Comics #864 and #865.
Batman: The Man Who Laughs
The Man Who Laughs is a one-shot prestige format comic book written by Ed Brubaker and illustrated by Doug Mahnke and Patrick Zircher, released in February 2005. The comic reveals some of the asylum's dark history. As a reporter reports on the asylum's renovation, the Joker poisons her and the crew, stealing the news van to broadcast whenever he wants. He later releases criminally insane patients at Williams Medical Center, who, in a short number of weeks, would have been transferred to Arkham Asylum. In the end, Joker is defeated and he himself locked behind bars, in a straightjacket at Arkham.
The graphic novel was reprinted with Detective Comics #784-786–a storyline entitled "Made of Wood," also written by Brubaker with art by Zircher. In the storyline, Batman and Green Lantern track the "Made of Wood" serial killer, whose killing spree was cut short when he was sentenced to Arkham Asylum. Ex-Commissioner James Gordon is also pursuing the killer, and he narrows the search down to the two men committed to Arkham in December 1948, the only living one hardly able to walk and ignorant of the killings. Gordon reaches the grandson of the other, who has taken up the "Made of Wood" killer's mantle.
Other versions
In JLA: The Nail, the Joker- using Kryptonian gauntlets provided by a genetically augmented Jimmy Olsen- breaks into the Asylum, erecting a forcefield around it that prevents anyone but Batman, Batgirl and Robin from entering, while forcing the rest of the inmates to fight each other for a chance to live as his slave when only one is left standing. Catwoman wins the resulting conflict shortly before Batman breaks into the asylum, but the Joker's gauntlets allow him to capture Batman, forcing him to watch as the Joker brutally tears Batgirl and Robin apart in front of him. Although Catwoman manages to distract the Joker long enough for Batman to escape and damage his gauntlets, the grief-maddened Batman subsequently beats the Joker to death on the asylum roof before the entire building collapses, apparently killing most of the current inmates (Although he and Catwoman manage to escape).
In Batman: Crimson Mist- the third part of the trilogy that began with Batman & Dracula: Red Rain-, the now-vampiric Batman breaks into the asylum and murders all the homicidal inmates- including Amygdala, Victor Zsasz and the Mad Hatter-, drinking their blood and chopping off their heads to prevent them coming back as vampires.
In other media
As an integral part of the Batman franchise, Arkham Asylum has been featured in other media besides the print comics, including the following:
Television
- Arkham Asylum is mentioned by Barry Allen, who is secretly The Flash, in an episode of The Flash television series.
- In Batman: The Animated Series, Arkham has appeared frequently in the series. It is depicted as generally dark and gloomy, and the cells are similar to those in the comics, being primarily closed via glass doors. Much of the rest of the asylum resembles a prison more than a mental hospital, as the episode "The Trial" explains that all insane criminals apprehended by the Batman are sent to Arkham rather than jail, although it is shown that the Penguin and Catwoman get sentenced to Blackgate, a regular jail, determining that they are sane and accountable for their crimes.
- The television show Justice League featured Arkham in a brief cameo during A Better World, Part 2 in an alternate dimension where a Fascist League has taken over the world and dispatches villains via execution or lobotomy. The asylum is run by a lobotomized version of the Joker, and staffed by other lobotomized Batman villains, including Two-Face as the caretaker and Poison Ivy as the gardener, and is protected by robotic copies of Superman. The entire inmate population is lobotomized by the alternate Superman's heat vision. The Joker, Two-Face and Poison Ivy are used in both Batman: The Animated Series and Justice League as the key inmates of the Asylum.
- Arkham Asylum appears in The Batman.[43] Like the original Arkham, several major villains end up in this institution, such as the Joker, Harley Quinn, the Riddler, Mr. Freeze, the Ventriloquist, Hugo Strange, Clayface and the Penguin. Firefly goes to a regular prison, until becoming Phosphorus, who requires special chemical care.
The staff is far more heavily armored than in its previous incarnation, wearing heavy trenchcoats and gloves, though inmates continue to escape easily. Much like in the Batman Forever tie-in game and Batman Begins, it is presented as being inside Gotham, though here it is presented as occupying a small island on a river, with a bridge connecting it to the city.
- Arkham Asylum is seen in Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Mayhem of the Music Meister". Music Meister visits the place, and forces the prisoners to sing. Calendar Man, the Joker, King Tut, Mr. Freeze, Psycho-Pirate, Doctor Polaris, the Scarecrow, Two-Face, the Mad Hatter, Top, Crazy Quilt, and Tweedledum and Tweedledee are shown as inmates of Arkham Asylum.
Films
- Arkham Asylum was seen at the end of the film Batman Forever.[44] It is designed as a tall, spiraling castle-like structure, with narrow hallways lined with brightly-lit glass bricks. The Riddler is incarcerated in a large padded cell. The chief psychiatrist is named Doctor Burton, a reference to Tim Burton, who directed 1989's Batman and 1992's Batman Returns. There was originally a more in-depth sequence involving Two-Face escaping from Arkham at the beginning of the film, but it was cut.
- In Batman & Robin,[45] Arkham Asylum is shown a number of times. It first appears when Mr. Freeze is taken there midway through the film, and later at the end when he and Poison Ivy are shown as cell-mates. This version is several dozen stories tall on an island several hundred feet above water, into which the villains jump to escape. Lightning also emits a bright green flash through the structure's windows. In addition, The Riddler and Two-Face's costumes from Batman Forever can be seen in an evidence room before Bane breaks out to collect Mr. Freeze's armor.
- In Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, the final battle between the original Batman and the Joker taking place at an abandoned Arkham. It is also the same spot where Robin, brainwashed and disfigured into a younger version of the Joker, kills the real Joker. A deleted scene, featured on both versions of the DVD as a special feature, has Bruce Wayne touring the abandoned Arkham, where Bruce Wayne's successor as Batman, Terry McGinnis, follows and sees the Joker's corpse hanging. Both the film and the Batman Beyond episode "Splicer" suggest that the facility has moved to a different location.
- In Batman Begins,[46] Arkham plays a much larger role than the previous films, with Jonathan Crane (also known as the Scarecrow) being either the administrator or a high ranking doctor at the Asylum, and using it to conduct sadistic experiments with his fear gas, with his own patients as guinea pigs. He also uses the pipes under the asylum to empty his toxin into the Gotham water supply. Though still on an island separate from Gotham City's mainland, it is surrounded by a slum region known as the Narrows, instead of the dense forestry of the comics. By the end of the film, it is implied that the Narrows has been rendered uninhabitable. Notably, Zsasz is shown as a high-profile criminal being held in the asylum.
- Arkham makes an appearance in the animated direct-to-DVD anthology film Batman: Gotham Knight, set between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, within the segment "Crossfire". Expanding on Lt. James Gordon's line that "the Narrows is lost" at the end of Batman Begins, the film shows that the entire island has become Arkham Asylum's ground, with Narrows residents evacuated from the island after the inmates escaped from the facility. After the riot at the end of Batman Begins, the city apparently turned the entire island into high-tech prison facility in a few months after the incident, enclosed by guard towers, high fences, and the island's natural barrier to keep the inmates from escaping. The Gotham City Police Department also sends officers to its drawbridges to make sure no one would cross, in or out, without permission.
- Arkham is mentioned briefly by Harvey Dent, Batman, and Alfred in the Batman Begins sequel, The Dark Knight when they reference Arkham patient Thomas Schiff, but beyond this instance the asylum is never seen or explored in the story.
Video games
- In Batman Forever (SNES game), Arkham Asylum is the first stage.
- A crucial showdown takes place in Arkham in Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu.
- Arkham is featured prominently in Batman: Dark Tomorrow. Three quarters of the way through the game, Batman must infiltrate Arkham Asylum through a secret sewer entrance.
- Arkham Asylum is one of the levels of the video game counterpart to Batman Begins.
- Arkham Asylum works as the main hub for the villains in Lego Batman: The Videogame, whereas the Batcave works as the main hub for the heroes of the game.
- Batman: Arkham Asylum is a video game for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It was developed by Rocksteady Studios and published by Eidos Interactive in conjunction with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and DC Comics. The game takes place entirely on Arkham Island. The game's version of Arkham is similar to its description in Gotham Knight, consisting of individual large buildings in a spacious open air island, rather than a single compound. Its locations include Arkham East, Arkham West, Arkham North, Arkham Mansion, the Botanical Gardens, Intensive Treatment, Medical Facility, and Penitentiary. The island also features a network of subterranean catacombs, caverns, sewers, and a satellite Batcave which Batman had outfitted over the years in preparation for emergencies like the one he faces in the game.
- In the sequel Batman: Arkham City, Arkham has been relocated to the Gotham mainland as part of Quincy Sharp's Arkham City project with neither Blackgate prison or Arkham Asylum in any condition to hold inmates. Arkham Asylum itself can be seen from the bay of Arkham City, still ravaged and covered in vines from Poison Ivy's attack.
Toys
See also
Notes
- ^ Moench and Breyfogle were the writer and artist, respectively, of Batman #492, which started the Knightfall storyline; they can be seen on a list of escaped Arkham inmates on the Batcave computer.[27]
References
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- ^ O'Neil, Dennis (2008). Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City. BenBella Books. p. 111. ISBN 1933771305.
- ^ Voger; Voglesong, Kathy (2006). The Dark Age: Grim, Great & Gimmicky Post-Modern Comics first1=. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 1893905535.
- ^ a b Brubaker, Ed (w), Mahnke, Doug (a), Baron, David (col), Leigh, Rob (let). Batman: The Man Who Laughs (February 2005), DC Comics
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- ^ Hine, David (w), Haun, Jeremy (a), Kalisz, John (col), Cipriano, Sal (let). Arkham Reborn 1–3 (October–December 2009), DC Comics
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- ^ a b Loeb, Jeph (w), Sale, Tim (a), Starkings, Richard (let), Kim, Chuck; Goodwin, Archie (ed). Batman: The Long Halloween (December 1996–December 1997), DC Comics
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- ^ "Dreams in Darkness". Director: Sebast, Dick; Writers: Reeves-Stevens, Judith; Reeves-Stevens, Garfield. Batman: The Animated Series. Fox Broadcasting Company. 3 November 1992. No. 28, season 1.
- ^ Helfer, Andrew (w), Eng Huat, Tan (a), Baron, David (col), Brosseau, Pat (let), Carlin, Mike (ed). Batman: Journey into Knight 11 (August 2006), DC Comics
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- ^ Pérez, George (w), Marrinan, Chris (p), Montano, Steve (i), Gafford, Carl (col), Mas, Augustin (let), Young, Art; Berger, Karen (ed). "Journey's End" Wonder Woman v2, 35 (October 1989), DC Comics
- ^ Dixon, Chuck (w), Noto, Phil; Martin, Marcos (p), Noto, Phil; Lopez, Alvaro (i), Wildstorm FX (col), De Guzman, Albert (let), Idelson, Matt (ed). "Red, Black and Blue" Birds of Prey 37 (January 2002), DC Comics
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i), Serpe, Jerry (col), Oda, Ben (let). "But Can an Android Dream?" Justice League of America 175 (February 1980), DC Comics
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Breyfogle, Norm (a), Roy, Adrienne (col). "Crossed Eyes and Dotty Teas" Batman 492 (May 1993), DC Comics
- ^ Kunkel, Bill (w), Morrow, Gray (a), Serpe, Jerry (col), Oda, Ben (let). "Deathmaze" The World's Finest 247 (November 1977), DC Comics
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- ^ Moore, Alan (w), Veitch, Rick (p), Alcada, Alfredo (i), Wood, Tatjana (col), Costanza, John (let). "Natural Consequences" Swamp Thing v2, 52 (September 1986), DC Comics
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- ^ Harras, Bob (w), Derenick, Bob (p), Green, Dan (i), Baron, David (col), Fletcher, Jared K (let). "Requiem for a League" JLA 120 (December 2005), DC Comics
- ^ Ostrander, John (w), Snyder, John K (p), Isherwood, Geof (i), Gafford, Carl (col), Klein, Todd (let). "Into the Angry Planet" Suicide Squad 33 (September 1989), DC Comics
- ^ Morrison, Grant (w), Daniel, Tony (p), Florea, Sandu (i), Major, Guy (col), Gentile, Randy (let), Marts, Mike (ed). "Batman R.P: Zur En Arrh" Batman 678 (August 2008), DC Comics
- ^ Burkett, Cary (w), Bender, Howard (p), Giordana, Dick (i), Tollin, Anthony (col), Costanza, John (let). "The Price of Humanity?" Justice League of America 218 (September 1983), DC Comics
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Pérez, George (p), Ordway, Jerry (i), Tollin, Anthony (col), Costanza, John (let). Crisis on Infinite Earths 5 (August 1985), DC Comics
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Merino, Jesus (a), Hi-Fi Design (col), Leigh, Rob (let). "The Terrible Toyman" Action Comics 865 (July 2008), DC Comics
- ^ Grant, Alan (w), Taylor, Dave (p), Sienkiewicz, Bill (i), Hansen, Bjarne (col), Oakley, Bill (let). "Democratic Conventions" Batman: Arkham Asylum - Tales of Madness 1 (May 1998), DC Comics
- ^ Diaz, Ruben; Smith, Sean (w), Saiz, Jesus (p), Champagne, Keith (i), Wright, Gregory (col), Oakley, Bill (let), Raspler, Dan (ed). "Trials in Darkness" JLA: Black Baptism 2 (June 2001), DC Comics
- ^ Hilary Goldstein (17 June 2005). "Batman: Arkham Asylum Review". IGN. http://comics.ign.com/articles/626/626657p1.html. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ Hilary Goldstein (13 June 2005). "The 25 Greatest Batman Graphic Novels". IGN. http://comics.ign.com/articles/624/624619p1.html. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "50 Best Of The Best Graphic Novels". Forbidden Planet. http://forbiddenplanet.com/picks/50-best-graphic-novels/. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "Arkham Asylum (The Batman) - Batman Wiki". Batman.wikia.com. http://batman.wikia.com/wiki/Arkham_Asylum_(The_Batman). Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Arkham Asylum (Schumacher Films) - Batman Wiki". Batman.wikia.com. 2010-12-25. http://batman.wikia.com/wiki/Arkham_Asylum_(Schumacher_Films). Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Review of ''Batman & Robin''". DVD Active.com. http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/batman-and-robin.html. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ "Arkham Asylum (Nolan films) - Batman Wiki". Batman.wikia.com. http://batman.wikia.com/wiki/Arkham_Asylum_(Nolan_films). Retrieved 2010-12-30.
78. Detective Comics #864
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